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Referencias y fuentes.

Las afirmaciones metodológicas se parafrasean y enlazan mediante números en superíndice. EpiSimple no reproduce párrafos de libros, guías o artículos.

  1. Browner WS, Newman TB, Cummings SR, Grady DG, Huang AJ, Kanaya AM, et al. Designing Clinical Research. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer; 2022.
  2. Lash TL, VanderWeele TJ, Haneuse S, Rothman KJ. Modern Epidemiology. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer; 2021.
  3. Richardson WS, Wilson MC, Nishikawa J, Hayward RS. The well-built clinical question: a key to evidence-based decisions. ACP J Club. 1995;123(3):A12-A13.
  4. Robinson KA, Saldanha IJ, Mckoy NA. Frameworks for determining research gaps during systematic reviews. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2011.
  5. von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gøtzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP, et al. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. PLoS Med. 2007;4(10):e296. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040296
  6. Little RJA, Rubin DB. Statistical Analysis with Missing Data. 3rd ed. Hoboken (NJ): Wiley; 2019.
  7. Altman DG, Royston P. The cost of dichotomising continuous variables. BMJ. 2006;332(7549):1080. doi:10.1136/bmj.332.7549.1080
  8. Greenland S, Senn SJ, Rothman KJ, Carlin JB, Poole C, Goodman SN, et al. Statistical tests, P values, confidence intervals, and power: a guide to misinterpretations. Eur J Epidemiol. 2016;31(4):337-50. doi:10.1007/s10654-016-0149-3
  9. Wasserstein RL, Lazar NA. The ASA statement on p-values: context, process, and purpose. Am Stat. 2016;70(2):129-33. doi:10.1080/00031305.2016.1154108
  10. Hopewell S, Chan AW, Collins GS, Hróbjartsson A, Moher D, Schulz KF, et al. CONSORT 2025 statement: updated guideline for reporting randomised trials. BMJ. 2025;389:e081123. doi:10.1136/bmj-2024-081123
  11. Chan AW, Boutron I, Hopewell S, Moher D, Schulz KF, Collins GS, et al. SPIRIT 2025 statement: updated guideline for protocols of randomised trials. BMJ. 2025;389:e081477. doi:10.1136/bmj-2024-081477
  12. Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71. doi:10.1136/bmj.n71
  13. Bossuyt PM, Reitsma JB, Bruns DE, Gatsonis CA, Glasziou PP, Irwig L, et al. STARD 2015: an updated list of essential items for reporting diagnostic accuracy studies. BMJ. 2015;351:h5527. doi:10.1136/bmj.h5527
  14. Collins GS, Moons KGM, Dhiman P, Riley RD, Beam AL, Van Calster B, et al. TRIPOD+AI statement: updated guidance for reporting clinical prediction models that use regression or machine learning methods. BMJ. 2024;385:e078378. doi:10.1136/bmj-2023-078378
  15. International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals: Use of Artificial Intelligence in Publishing [Internet]. Updated January 2026 [cited 2026 Oct 4]. icmje.org
  16. Lefebvre C, Glanville J, Briscoe S, Featherstone R, Littlewood A, Metzendorf MI, et al. Chapter 4: Searching for and selecting studies. In: Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, et al, editors. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Version 6.5.1. Cochrane; 2025.
  17. EQUATOR Network. Reporting guidelines under development and library of health research reporting guidelines [Internet]. Oxford: EQUATOR Network [cited 2026 Oct 4]. equator-network.org
  18. Guyatt G, Rennie D, Meade MO, Cook DJ. Users’ Guides to the Medical Literature: A Manual for Evidence-Based Clinical Practice. 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education; 2015.
  19. Hernán MA, Robins JM. Causal Inference: What If. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC; 2020. hsph.harvard.edu
  20. Paternoster L, Tilling K, Davey Smith G. Genetic epidemiology and Mendelian randomization for informing disease therapeutics: conceptual and methodological challenges. PLoS Genet. 2017;13(10):e1006944. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1006944
  21. Rethlefsen ML, Kirtley S, Waffenschmidt S, Ayala AP, Moher D, Page MJ, et al. PRISMA-S: an extension to the PRISMA Statement for Reporting Literature Searches in Systematic Reviews. Syst Rev. 2021;10(1):39. doi:10.1186/s13643-020-01542-z
  22. Shamseer L, Moher D, Clarke M, Ghersi D, Liberati A, Petticrew M, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015: elaboration and explanation. BMJ. 2015;350:g7647. doi:10.1136/bmj.g7647
Fuente visual de portada

Shixart1985. Doctor working at a desk using a computer mouse and keyboard in a medical office setting. Wikimedia Commons; 2026. Licencia CC BY 2.0. La atribución también se muestra en tamaño discreto bajo la imagen.